 |
Pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid, is a B complex vitamin acting as a precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, involved in the metabolism as an antioxidant to breakdown many biochemical substances (fatty acids, steroids, phospholipids, heme, amino acids, and carbohydrates). The adrenal gland is an important site of pantothenic acid activity. It can be found ubiquitously in foods, and no deficiency syndrome has been demonstrated in humans except by experimental administration of the pantothenic acid antagonist (omega-methylpantothenic acid). Pantothenic acid is an unstable oil. The usual forms for feed supplementation are its salts, calcium D-pantothenate, sodium D-pantothenate and D-panthenol (liquid). Both salts are white hygroscopic powders easily soluble in water. D-Panthenol is a colourless viscous oil form which may turn to crystalline solid during storage (Racemic mixture is a solid form melting point 65C). Two enantiomers exit, D or L-form. D-panthenol is biologically active. But both forms show moisturizing properties. Panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid. Panthenol is converted to pantothenic acid in the body. Panthenol is called provitamin B5. It is freely soluble in water, methanol and propylene glycol, soluble in ether and chloroform, slightly soluble in glycerin, insoluble in white oils and fats. Panthenol is absorbed into hair and skin to enhance thickening and moisturization effects and to stimulate healing of the lesions of various dermatologic lesions. It is widely used in hair care products and personal care products. It is used to increase peristalsis in atony and paralysis of the lower intestine and to help relieve gas retention and abdominal distention; administered intravenously or intramuscularly and orally.
Pantetheine [2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(2-((2-merceptoethyl)carbamoyl)ethyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide] is the amide analogue of pantothenic acid. Pantethine (bis-pantetheine) is formed naturally when reacted with beta-mercaptoethanolamine. This amide is an intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis. Pantenicate [3-(3-Pyridinemethoxycarbonyl) propionic acid pantethine tetraester] is used as an antilipemic agent to reduce lipid levels in the blood (to treat hyperlipidemia).
Pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid, is a B complex vitamin acting as a precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, involved in the metabolism as an antioxidant to breakdown many biochemical substances (fatty acids, steroids, phospholipids, heme, amino acids, and carbohydrates). The adrenal gland is an important site of pantothenic acid activity. It can be found ubiquitously in foods, and no deficiency syndrome has been demonstrated in humans except by experimental administration of the pantothenic acid antagonist (omega-methylpantothenic acid). Pantothenic acid is an unstable oil. The usual forms for feed supplementation are its salts, calcium D-pantothenate, sodium D-pantothenate and D-panthenol (liquid). Both salts are white hygroscopic powders easily soluble in water. D-Panthenol is a colourless viscous oil form which may turn to crystalline solid during storage (Racemic mixture is a solid form melting point 65C). Two enantiomers exit, D or L-form. D-panthenol is biologically active. But both forms show moisturizing properties. Panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid. Panthenol is converted to pantothenic acid in the body. Panthenol is called provitamin B5. It is freely soluble in water, methanol and propylene glycol, soluble in ether and chloroform, slightly soluble in glycerin, insoluble in white oils and fats. Panthenol is absorbed into hair and skin to enhance thickening and moisturization effects and to stimulate healing of the lesions of various dermatologic lesions. It is widely used in hair care products and personal care products. It is used to increase peristalsis in atony and paralysis of the lower intestine and to help relieve gas retention and abdominal distention; administered intravenously or intramuscularly and orally.
Pantetheine [2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(2-((2-merceptoethyl)carbamoyl)ethyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide] is the amide analogue of pantothenic acid. Pantethine (bis-pantetheine) is formed naturally when reacted with beta-mercaptoethanolamine. This amide is an intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis. Pantenicate [3-(3-Pyridinemethoxycarbonyl) propionic acid pantethine tetraester] is used as an antilipemic agent to reduce lipid levels in the blood (to treat hyperlipidemia).
